1481   Synthesis and optical properties of CuS nanoplate-based architectures by a solvothermal method Synthesis and optical properties of CuS nanoplate-based architectures by a solvothermal method    2009 The controlled synthesis of copper sulfide (CuS) nanoplate-based architectures in different solvents has been realized at low cost by simply reaction of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and S under solvothermal conditions without the use of any template. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectrometer and fluorescence measurement were used to characterize the products. The products were all in hexagonal phase with high crystallinity and... 查看全文

1482   The ‘species problem’ and testing macroevolutionary hypotheses The ‘species problem’ and testing macroevolutionary hypotheses Lars Symmank, Marie-Steacute;phanie Samain, James F. Smith, Guillermo Pino, Alexandra Stoll, Paul Go    2004 Species lists change for a variety of reasons, including new information and preferences for different species concepts. Uncertainty over species numbers is potentially damaging to tests of proposed correlates of species richness, particularly if taxonomic changes are biased toward some clades over others. We investigate the effects of this error and bias by testing the same suite of macroevolutionary hypotheses in seven different arrangements of primate taxonomy. This is the first time that the... 查看全文

1483   Comment on 'experimental realization of a first test of de broglie-bohm theory' Comment on 'experimental realization of a first test of de broglie-bohm theory'    2004 In a recent paper, Brida et al (2002 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 4751) reported the first experimental realization for testing of de Broglie-Bohm (dBB) theory against standard quantum mechanics (SQM), based on a suggested scheme presented in Golshani and Akhavan (2001 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34 5259). However, some details of their experiment are not compatible with our suggestion. Therefore, their conclusion, in which the experimental data are in complete agreement with SQM but show some ... 查看全文

1484   Fruit-bearing branchlets are carbon autonomous in mature broad-leaved temperate forest trees Fruit-bearing branchlets are carbon autonomous in mature broad-leaved temperate forest trees Martijn Staats, Martin Braster and Wilfred F.M. Rouml;ling    2005 In order to evaluate the degree of carbon autonomy for fruit development, the carbon source-sink relationship in fruit-bearing branchlets of mature deciduous forest trees was manipulated in situ. The tests included half and complete defoliation, girdling or the combination of both treatments, which were applied on fruiting branchlets by using a canopy crane. Concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) were analysed in different branchlet tissues and fruits, to identify situations of car... 查看全文

1485   A methodology to evaluate disease severity: a case study of chestnut blight in El Bierzo region (northwestern Spain) A methodology to evaluate disease severity: a case study of chestnut blight in El Bierzo region (northwestern Spain) Martijn Staats, Martin Braster and Wilfred F.M. Rouml;ling    2012 Correct knowledge of the incidence and severity of disease is essential for implementation of timely and effective management control strategies. In this article, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) is applied to evaluate the severity of chestnut blight incited by the ascomyceteous fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. This economically important bark disease leads to the loss of an important part of the chestnut production and the progressive death of the tree. A total of 7240 living European che... 查看全文

1486   Allometric Models for Tree Volume and Total Aboveground Biomass in a Tropical Humid Forest in Costa Rica† Allometric Models for Tree Volume and Total Aboveground Biomass in a Tropical Humid Forest in Costa Rica† Emmanuel Defossez, Marc-Andreacute; Selosse, Marie-Pierre Dubois, Laurence Mondolot, Antonella Facci    2005 Allometric equations for the estimation of tree volume and aboveground biomass in a tropical humid forest were developed based on direct measurements of 19 individuals of seven tree species in Northern Costa Rica. The volume and the biomass of the stems represented about two-thirds of the total volume and total aboveground biomass, respectively. The average stem volume varied between 4 and 11 Mg/tree and the average total aboveground biomass ranged from 4 to 10 mg/tree. The mean specific gravity... 查看全文

1487   Design and implementation of BIOS based on Godson-3A Design and implementation of BIOS based on Godson-3A    2011 Godson-3A as the latest multi-core generation of Godson microprocessor family targets to the low cost servers and high-performance computers. As Godson-3A adopts the scalable mesh of crossbar topology and provides extensive I/O support based on crossbars, we can implement the architectures of servers or computers in various ways. But for each design, the proper design and implementation of BIOS plays an important role in making full use of flexibility provided by the hardware design of Godson-3A... 查看全文

1488   Endoscopic resection of ampullary tumors: 12-year review of 21 cases Endoscopic resection of ampullary tumors: 12-year review of 21 cases Jaume Boix, Vicente Lorenzo-Zúñiga, Vicente Moreno de Vega, Eugeni Domènech;Miquel Angel Gassull    2009 Background  Endoscopic snare papillectomy is increasingly performed with curative intent for benign papillary tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic resection for ampullary tumors at a single center. 查看全文

1489   Rights, Rights-Talk, and Children Rights, Rights-Talk, and Children Ludvig Beckman    2001 查看全文

1490   Mechanism of energy dissipation during impact testing of carbon-filled plastics based on phenilon Mechanism of energy dissipation during impact testing of carbon-filled plastics based on phenilon    2005 The results of impact tests of carbon plastics based on phenilon are presented. It is shown that impact energy dissipators in carbon plastics based on phenilon are porously packed areas of volumetric polymer matrix and interface areas. It is stated that impact energy dissipation is realized at the account of two mechanisms: molecular mobility typical for rubber resin, and shear mechanism typical for glass-like polymers. 查看全文

1491   Enhanced flux pinning and critical currents in YBa2Cu 3O7-δ films by nanoparticle surface decoration: Extension to coated conductor templates Enhanced flux pinning and critical currents in YBa2Cu 3O7-δ films by nanoparticle surface decoration: Extension to coated conductor templates    2008 Interfacial engineering via nanoparticle substrate surface decoration has been extended to coated conductor templates. Preformed BaTiO3 and BaZrO3 nanoparticles were applied to substrate surfaces, prior to YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) deposition, by using a scalable and inexpensive technique of solution-based suspension. Compared to untreated reference samples, nanodecoration yields improved in-field critical current density (Jc) as well as strong correlated pinning along the c -axis direction of th... 查看全文

1492   Separation of N2 from O2 and other gases using FAU-type zeolite membranes Separation of N2 from O2 and other gases using FAU-type zeolite membranes    2001 The development of nitrogen-selective membranes is essential to realize a membrane process for the production of oxygen-enriched air. Zeolite membranes have potential for this purpose, while polymeric and carbon membranes are largely oxygen-selective. In this study, FAU-type zeolite membranes containing Na cations were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis on a porous α-alumina support tube. Permeation measurements for unary and binary systems for N2 and O2 were performed at 310 K. The membra... 查看全文

1493   Gesellschaftstheorie und Europapolitik. Eine Einleitung Gesellschaftstheorie und Europapolitik. Eine Einleitung Monika EigmÜller;Steffen Mau    0 Der Prozess der Europ?ischen Integration stellt die Soziologie vor keine geringe Herausforderung – immerhin gilt es, ihren bis dato nationalstaatlich gefassten Gesellschaftsbegriff in seiner Geltung zu hinterfragen und Vorschl?ge zu seiner Revision zu unterbreiten. 查看全文

1494   Fifty years of natural succession in Swiss forest reserves: changes in stand structure and mortality rates of oak and beech Fifty years of natural succession in Swiss forest reserves: changes in stand structure and mortality rates of oak and beech    2012 What are the drivers of structural changes and mortality in oak–beech forests over 50 yrs of natural succession? 查看全文

1495   Underdispersion of anti-herbivore defence traits and phylogenetic structure of cerrado tree species at fine spatial scale Underdispersion of anti-herbivore defence traits and phylogenetic structure of cerrado tree species at fine spatial scale Michael W. Shane, Margaret E. McCully, Martin J. Canny, John S. Pate, Hai Ngo, Ulrike Mathesius, Gre    2012 Do species phylogeny and herbivory-related defence traits influence species co-occurrence in the cerrado? Are anti-herbivory defence traits under- or overdispersed in the quadrats? Do soil features mediate these patterns? 查看全文

1496   Experimental and kinetic modeling study of methyl butanoate and methyl butanoate/methanol flames at different equivalence ratios and C/O ratios Experimental and kinetic modeling study of methyl butanoate and methyl butanoate/methanol flames at different equivalence ratios and C/O ratios    2011 Premixed laminar methyl butanoate/oxygen/argon and methyl butanoate/methanol/oxygen/argon flames were studied with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular-beam sampling mass spectrometry at 30 torr (4.0 kPa). Three flames were investigated in the experiment: MB (methyl butanoate) flame F1.54 (φ{symbol} = 1.54, C/O = 0.479), MB flame F1.67 (φ{symbol} = 1.67, C/O = 0.511) and MB/methanol flame F1.67M (φ{symbol} = 1.67, C/O = 0.479). By measuring the s... 查看全文

1497   Autonomous mobile robot simulator - a programming tool for sensor-based behavior Autonomous mobile robot simulator - a programming tool for sensor-based behavior    1995 The control algorithm of robot behavior. must have the ability to cope with various possible environmental situations and robot status. Development and testing of such an algorithm requires a realistic simulator that would verify the behavior. algorithms. In this paper, an autonomous mobile robot simulator is presented as a programming tool which simulates all robot functions and environments including dynamic motion of a robot, control software of the robot's subsystems, sensor characteristics ... 查看全文

1498   Spontaneous hernia through the posterior rectus abdominis sheath: case report and review of the published literature 1937–2008 Spontaneous hernia through the posterior rectus abdominis sheath: case report and review of the published literature 1937–2008 J. E. Losanoff, M. D. Basson;S. A. Gruber    2009 Spontaneous ventral hernia through the rectus abdominis sheath is perhaps the rarest hernia, with eight previously reported cases since 1937. The condition has not been reflected in the popular treatises on hernia. An 83-year-old male patient underwent surgery for intestinal obstruction. A spontaneous Richter’s hernia of the small intestine through the posterior rectus abdominis sheath was successfully treated with bowel resection and tissue repair. Hernias of this ... 查看全文

1499   Development of high-permittivity glasses for microwave LTCC tapes Development of high-permittivity glasses for microwave LTCC tapes    2003 One of today's leading packaging concepts in microelectronics and microsystems is the technology of Low Temperature Cofiring Ceramics (LTCC). It is based on ceramic tapes that sinter at low temperatures (< 950 °C) and are capable of fine-line wiring by use of high-conductivity metals, preferably silver (vm = 961 °C). To lower sintering temperatures of crystalline powders, glass powder is added. Depending on the amount of glass added, two mechanisms of sintering are possible: reactive ... 查看全文

1500   Phytopathogenic Toxins from Fungi: An Overview Phytopathogenic Toxins from Fungi: An Overview H. H. LUKE    1976 Phytopathogenic toxins that are produced by plant pathogens are classified into two types: nonspecific, those that affect a greater number of plant species than the pathogen that produces them; and specific, those that affect only the same hosts as the pathogen. Evidence indicating that plant pathogens induce disease by toxigenic action has been established by using specific toxins produced in vitro. It is difficult to isolate toxins from infected plants and therefore it is hard to show that tox... 查看全文

1501   Transformation of monomer aluminate ions from tetrahedron to octaheron Transformation of monomer aluminate ions from tetrahedron to octaheron    2003 During the precipitation of gibbsite from supersaturated sodium aluminate solution, the main aluminum containing species in solution will transform. from tetrahedral [Al(OH)4]- to sixfold octahedral [(H2O)2Al-(OH)4]-. In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for above transformation, the formation Gibbs free energy as well as frontier orbits of a wide range of aluminum species are studied by ab initio method at B3LYP/6-31G** level. Based on theoretical calculation results, thermodynamic ... 查看全文

1502   Multiple Hepatic Artery Aneurysms: Use of Transcatheter Embolization for Rupture Multiple Hepatic Artery Aneurysms: Use of Transcatheter Embolization for Rupture Paul J. Riesenman, Thomas C. Bower, Gustavo S. Oderich;Haraldur Bjarnason    2006 Aneurysmal disease of the hepatic artery is a rare and potentially life-threatening entity. Aneurysms occur anywhere along the hepatic artery and its branches, but they have a predilection for occurring as a solitary lesion of the common or right hepatic artery. Diffuse intrahepatic hepatic artery aneurysm is the rarest form. and is especially challenging. Treatment of these lesions has been described in only a few case reports. We present a patient with ruptured intrahep... 查看全文

1503   Analytical Methods for Characterizing High-Mass Complex Polydisperse Hydrocarbon Mixtures: An Overview Analytical Methods for Characterizing High-Mass Complex Polydisperse Hydrocarbon Mixtures: An Overview A. A. Herod*†, K. D. Bartle‡, T. J. Morgan§, and R. Kandiyoti†    2012 查看全文

1504   Natural hybridisation between Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus pubescens Willd. within an Italian stand as revealed by microsatellite fingerprinting Natural hybridisation between Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus pubescens Willd. within an Italian stand as revealed by microsatellite fingerprinting Sara N. de Visser, Bernd P. Freymann and Han Olff    2008 Interspecific gene flow is frequently reported in the genus Quercus. However, interfertile oak species often seem to remain distinct, even within areas of sympatry. This study employed molecular markers to verify, at a fine scale, the presence of interspecific gene flow in a natural population of Quercus petraea and Quercus pubescens. Within a delimited area of 6 ha, all adult trees belonging to the studied oak complex and seeds from a subsample of such trees were collected and analysed usi... 查看全文

1505   The effect of pregnancy on pre-existing osteopenia: a case report The effect of pregnancy on pre-existing osteopenia: a case report Shobana Athimulam, Patricia Chan, Michelle Baker, Maud Nauta;Wai Yoong    2007 查看全文

1506   Selective principal component extraction and reconstruction: A novel method for ground based exoplanet spectroscopy Selective principal component extraction and reconstruction: A novel method for ground based exoplanet spectroscopy    2010 Context. Infrared spectroscopy of primary and secondary eclipse events probes the composition of exoplanet atmospheres and, using space telescopes, has detected H2O, CH4 and CO2 in three hot Jupiters. However, the available data from space telescopes has limited spectral resolution and does not cover the 2.4-5.2μm spectral region. While large ground based telescopes have the potential to obtain molecular-abundance-grade spectra for many exoplanets, realizing this potential requires retrieving... 查看全文

1507   An unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction during percutaneous endogastric feeding: a case report An unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction during percutaneous endogastric feeding: a case report Abdulzahra Hussain, Hind Mahmood, Tarun Singhal;Shamsi El-Hasani    2008 Introduction  The differential diagnoses of acute abdomen in children include common and rare pathologies. Within this list, different types of bezoars causing gastrointestinal obstruction have been reported in the literature and different methods of management have been described. The aim of this article is to highlight a rare presentation of lactobezoars following prolonged percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding and its successf... 查看全文

1508   Is foliar flammability of woody species related to time since fire and herbivory in northwest Patagonia, Argentina? Is foliar flammability of woody species related to time since fire and herbivory in northwest Patagonia, Argentina?    2012 In northwest Patagonia burning of fire-resistant forests creates a community-level positive feedback towards increased fire occurrence because of successional replacement by fire-prone shrublands. We hypothesize that variability in plant traits related to time since last fire and to herbivory by cattle may affect foliar flammability, thus providing a flammability-promoting mechanism operating at the level of individual plants. We examine how plant foliar traits affecting flammability vary across... 查看全文

1509   Using computers in empirical and theoretical work in cognitive psychology Using computers in empirical and theoretical work in cognitive psychology Roger Ratcliff    1994 This article presents some of the issues I have faced in setting up my own laboratory system for research in cognitive psychology. First, for real-time subject testing systems, criteria for choosing hardware and software are presented along with a brief discussion of benchmarks. Stimulus generation and data analysis choices are also discussed. Second, choices of software for data analysis and data exploration are presented, including graphical presentation, stati... 查看全文

1510   Pain after minimally invasive videoassisted and after minimally invasive open thyroidectomy—results of a prospective outcome study Pain after minimally invasive videoassisted and after minimally invasive open thyroidectomy—results of a prospective outcome study P. Del Rio, M. Berti, L. Sommaruga, M. F. Arcuri, S. Cataldo;M. Sianesi    2008 Background  Substantial modifications in surgical treatment of thyroid disease have changed the postoperative management of thyroidectomized patients. The reduction of postoperative pain permit a short-stay surgery. 查看全文

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