1581   Student nurses' experience working with mentally challenged individuals in South Africa Student nurses' experience working with mentally challenged individuals in South Africa James Striker, Lennart Dimberg and Bernhard H Liese    2012 South African student nurses experience emotional discomfort that might influence their adjustment and coping while working with mentally challenged individuals. Adjustment and coping might impact on their mental health and support needed while working in this challenging context. Student nurses working with mentally challenged individuals experience emotional discomfort that may result in work-related stress. The experiences of student nurses working with mentally challenged individuals were ex... 查看全文

1582   Genetic Data in Forensic Science: Use, Misuse and Abuse Genetic Data in Forensic Science: Use, Misuse and Abuse Guido Barbujani;Francesca Tassi    0 The diffusion of databases storing genetic information and health records for many citizens is clearly beneficial both for health care and for research, but is raising problems related with the possibility of misuse and abuse of these data. In this paper, we discuss the potential and limitations of DNA-based methods of forensic interest, starting from genetic profiling. We then move on to three related areas, and show that research so far has helped us understand... 查看全文

1583   Modeling and classification of two-channel electromyography signals based on blind channel identification theory Modeling and classification of two-channel electromyography signals based on blind channel identification theory    2000 According to the physiology of myoelectric signals, a two-channel single input multiple output (SIMO) IIR model was proposed to the two-channel upper limb surface electromyography (EMG) signals. As the input of the model was unknown and unaccessible, a neural network based blind channel identification technique was employed to identify the model's transfer function. By extracting the model parameters as signal features, four types of forearm motions: hand grasp, hand extension, forearm supinatio... 查看全文

1584   Genetic Testing and Authentication of Paternity after Death of the Putative Father: the Bio-history and Its “Costs” Genetic Testing and Authentication of Paternity after Death of the Putative Father: the Bio-history and Its “Costs” Giacomo D’Amico    0 This research seeks to examine certain aspects of the topic outlined above, which, in the author’s opinion, give rise to sensitive problems in balancing constitutional principles that are all equally deserving of protection. An important problem relates to the necessity, or lack thereof, of obtaining consent from the relatives of the deceased prior to conducting the DNA test in question. In particular, it is necessary to understand how to reconcile the righ... 查看全文

1585   Some Ethical and Regulatory Aspects Involved in Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing (DCGT) Some Ethical and Regulatory Aspects Involved in Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing (DCGT) María Jorqui Azofra    0 The increase in companies offering direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DCGT) has sparked much regulatory and ethical debate. Never before have we had a situation where new biological markers move from discovery to direct-to-consumer (DTC) provision with no intervening period of continuing adoption by the medical profession. This is a novel situation and it may require an exceptional policy response to the questions raised. The lack of both genetic counselling and... 查看全文

1586   Phase Transfer of CdS Nanocrystals Mediated by Heptamine β-Cyclodextrin Phase Transfer of CdS Nanocrystals Mediated by Heptamine β-Cyclodextrin Nicoletta Depalo, Roberto Comparelli, Jurriaan Huskens, Angela Agostiano, Marinella Striccoli, Maria    2012 A fundamental and systematic study on the fabrication of a supramolecularly assembled nanostructure of an organic ligand-capped CdS nanocrystal (NC) and multiple heptamine β-cyclodextrin ((NH2)7βCD) molecules in aqueous solution has been here reported. The functionalization process of pre-synthesized hydrophobic CdS NCs by means of (NH2)7βCD has been extensively investigated by using different spectroscopic and structural techniques, as function of different experimental parameters, such as t... 查看全文

1587   Blind uplink channel estimator and mean-squared error analysis for very high data-rate modified MC-CDMA systems Blind uplink channel estimator and mean-squared error analysis for very high data-rate modified MC-CDMA systems    2004 In very high data-rate wireless application scenarios, Multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems including Serial-to-parallel (S/P) converting operation are more applicable. We name them as modified MC-CDMA systems. In this paper, we focus on the blind channel estimation problem of these modified MC-CDMA systems on uplink. Because we can regard each subcarrier in multicarrier communications as a channel, the modified MC-CDMA system accordingly can become a multichannel system.... 查看全文

1588   Genetic Research and Rights of the People Involved: from an Individual Approach to an Universal Perspective Genetic Research and Rights of the People Involved: from an Individual Approach to an Universal Perspective Elisa Stefanini    0 The paper discusses the possible impacts on the individual rights of the genetic research, considering that, as consequence of the genetic liens between the individuals, such impacts can occur not only with respect to the single individuals, but also with respect to their biological group and sometimes to the population they belong to and to the entire human genus. Therefore, the legislator has to balance between the needs to protect such rights (in particular, t... 查看全文

1589   In Vivo Electrochemical Detection of Nitroglycerin-Derived Nitric Oxide in Tumor-Bearing Mice In Vivo Electrochemical Detection of Nitroglycerin-Derived Nitric Oxide in Tumor-Bearing Mice Shekappa D. Lamani, Rajesh N. Hegde, Anita P. Savanur and Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor    2008 The ability of an inserted electrode to detect in vivo NO in tumor was achieved by using a chemically modified Pt/Ir electrode as NO-sensor and nitroglycerin NTG as NO donor. Enzymatically induced release of NO from NTG was tracked in the tumor, upon intra peritoneal injection of NTG. This approach allowed in vivo monitoring of the bioavailability of NO and could be applied to the in vivo study of candidate anticancer drugs acting on the NO pathways. 查看全文

1590   Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes: the association study of polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apolipoprotein E genes Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes: the association study of polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apolipoprotein E genes Maja Mustapic, Marijana Popovic Hadzija, Mladen Pavlovic, Pajica Pavkovic, Paola Presecki, Danijela    0 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two progressive disorders with high prevalence worldwide. Polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes might be associated with both T2D and AD, representing possible genetic markers for the development of the AD in subjects with T2D. The aim was to determine ApoE and G-308A TNF-α gene polymorphisms in unrelated Croatian Caucasians: 207 patients with s... 查看全文

1591   Annular resonators for high-power chemical lasers Annular resonators for high-power chemical lasers Richard C. Wade    0 Resonators capable of extracting highly coherent energy from DF and HF chemical laser annular gain media have been under investigation for weapon application since 1974. This survey article traces the background of interest in these devices, describes the various concepts that have been experimentally and analytically investigated, and discusses the issues associated with their operation. From the discussion of issues, preferred concepts are selected. Applicability of these concepts to high-powe... 查看全文

1592   Multifractal analysis of the species structure of freshwater hydrobiocenoses Multifractal analysis of the species structure of freshwater hydrobiocenoses D. B. Gelashvili, D. I. Iudin, V. N. Yakimov, L. A. Solntsev, G. S. Rozenberg, G. V. Shurganova, A.    2012 The principles and methods of fractal analysis of the species structure of freshwater phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrozoobenthos communities of plain water reservoirs and urban waterbodies are discussed. The theoretical foundation and experimental verification are provided for the authors’ concept of self-similar (quasi-fractal) nature of the species structure of communities. According to this concept, the adequate mathematical image of species richnes... 查看全文

1593   Two new oxamidato-bridged CuII-CuII complexes: Synthesis, structure, spectra, and cyclic voltammetry studies Two new oxamidato-bridged CuII-CuII complexes: Synthesis, structure, spectra, and cyclic voltammetry studies S. Ren, F. H. Li;S. L. Ma    2012 New oxamido-bridged binuclear CuII-CuII complexes, [Cu(Oxen)Cu(Bipy)2](ClO4)2 (I) and [Cu(Oxen)Cu(4,4′-Bipy)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (II) (Oxen is N,N′-bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide dianion, Bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 4,4′-Bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), have been constructed and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. In these two complexes, each Cu2+ ion is located in a slightly distorted square-pyramidal environment. Complex I is extended to two-dimensional by fa... 查看全文

1594   Main components of gene network controlling development of dorsal appendages of egg chorion in Drosophila melanogaster Main components of gene network controlling development of dorsal appendages of egg chorion in Drosophila melanogaster E. S. Omelina;E. M. Baricheva    2012 The development of dorsal appendages of the chorion (specialized structures in the D. melanogaster egg which look like elastic tubes and ensure the breathing of the developing embryo) is an attractive model for the study of genetic mechanisms of the development of organs and tissues, whose generation is based on transformation of the epithelial tissue in the tubular structures. In the present review, we present information on genes and proteins that control the development ... 查看全文

1595   Estimates of energy expenditures for reproduction in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Pall. in an industrially polluted environment Estimates of energy expenditures for reproduction in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Pall. in an industrially polluted environment E. A. Bel’skii;V. S. Bezel’    2012 Energy expenditures for reproduction in local populations of the pied flycatcher in the environs of the Middle Urals Copper Smelter (Revda, Sverdlovsk oblast) have been estimated on the basis of the results of long-term studies (1989–2008). It is shown that the total energy expenditures per fledgling over the nesting period are 1.2 times higher than in the background area, which is explained by increased energy losses (by a factor of 4.1) resulting from par... 查看全文

1596   Seasonal habitat use of Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in a subtropical forest Seasonal habitat use of Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in a subtropical forest W. Chen, Q. G. Wu, J. C. Hu, X. Lu;Z. Q. You    2012 Detailed understanding of habitat associations of endangered species is essential for the development of sound conservation and habitat management plans. We assessed seasonal habitat requirement of a poorly known forest ungulate, Chinese goral Naemorhedus griseus, in Tangjiahe National Reserve, western China from December 2005 to November 2006. Transect surveys were conducted across the elevational range of the mountains to locate the droppings and traces left by the gorals... 查看全文

1597   Pre-LOI trajectory maneuvers of the CHANG′E-2 libration point mission Pre-LOI trajectory maneuvers of the CHANG′E-2 libration point mission WeiRen Wu, Yong Liu, Lei Liu, JianLiang Zhou, GeShi Tang;YongZhi Chen    2012 This paper addresses pre-LOI (before Lissajous orbit insertion) trajectory maneuvers for the libration point mission of CHANG′E-2, which is the first Chinese satellite to fly to the Sun-Earth L2 libration point and the first satellite ever to fly to the L2 point from lunar orbit. First, a transfer trajectory for the mission is designed based on InterPlanetary Superhighway theory under the constraint of the remaining propellant, TT&C (telemetry, track an... 查看全文

1598   Deposition of polypyrrole on microporous filtration membranes at air/water interface Deposition of polypyrrole on microporous filtration membranes at air/water interface S. I. Stupp and R. Kusleika    2002 Microfiltration membranes were utilized as a template for the preparation of polypyrrole films at the air/water interface. Unlike the formation of polypyrrole tubules (or fibrils) when the membranes are soaked in polymerization media, chemical polymerization on the membrane at the interface resulted in the film formation on the membrane surface in contact with polymerization media, without remaining open micropores. Investigations of electrochemical responses with anthraquinone-2-sulfonate and F... 查看全文

1599   Measuring molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies: laboratory techniques and biospecimen considerations Measuring molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies: laboratory techniques and biospecimen considerations Vedanta Mehta, Khalil Abi Nader, Simon Waddington and Anna L David    2012 The future of personalized medicine depends on the ability to efficiently and rapidly elucidate a reliable set of disease-specific molecular biomarkers. High-throughput molecular biomarker analysis methods have been developed to identify disease risk, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in human clinical samples. Currently, high throughput screening allows us to analyze thousands of markers from one sample or one marker from thousands of samples and will eventually allow us to analyz... 查看全文

1600   Foliar δ13C within a temperate deciduous forest: spatial, temporal, and species sources of variation Foliar δ13C within a temperate deciduous forest: spatial, temporal, and species sources of variation C. T. Garten;G. E. Taylor    1992 Foliar 13C-abundance (13C) was analyzed in the dominant trees of a temperate deciduous forest in east Tennessee (Walker Branch Watershed) to investigate the variation in foliar 13C as a function of time (within-year and between years), space (canopy height, watershed topography and habitat) and species (deciduous and coniferous taxa). Various hypotheses were tested by analyzing (i) samples collected from the field during the growing season and (ii) foliar tissues maintained in an archived collec... 查看全文

1601   Synthesis of FeS and FeSe Nanoparticles from a Single Source Precursor: A Study of Their Photocatalytic Activity, Peroxidase-Like Behavior, and Electrochemical Sensing of H2O2 Synthesis of FeS and FeSe Nanoparticles from a Single Source Precursor: A Study of Their Photocatalytic Activity, Peroxidase-Like Behavior, and Electrochemical Sensing of H2O2 Amit Kumar Dutta†, Swarup Kumar Maji†, Divesh N. Srivastava‡, Anup Mondal†, Papu Biswas*†, Parimal P    2012 Nanocrystalline FeS and FeSe compounds were prepared by solvothermal decomposition of a precursor complex [Fe3(μ3-O)(μ2-O2CCH2Cl)6(H2O)3]NO3·H2O in the presence of thiourea and sodium selenite, respectively. The as-obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–vis spectroscopic techniques. Structural analyses revealed that the FeS and FeSe nanoparticles (NPs) are compos 查看全文

1602   Covalent Binding of Aquaruthenium Complexes to DNA Covalent Binding of Aquaruthenium Complexes to DNA Neena Grover, Thomas W. Welch, Terri A. Fairley, Michael Cory, H. Holden Thorp    1994 查看全文

1603   Structural Control of the Electronic Properties of Photodynamic Azobenzene-Derivatized π-Conjugated Oligothiophenes Structural Control of the Electronic Properties of Photodynamic Azobenzene-Derivatized π-Conjugated Oligothiophenes Bruno Jousselme,† Philippe Blanchard,† Magali Allain,‡ Eric Levillain,† Marylène Dias,† and Jean Ron    2006 Quaterthiophenes containing a median 3,3‘-dimethoxybithiophene (4MTZ) or bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (4ETZ) block and an azobenzene group attached at two internal β-positions of the end thiophene rings have been synthesized. The analysis of the crystal structure of the two compounds by X-ray diffraction shows that, for 4MTZ, the quaterthiophene chain adopts a syn?anti?syn conformation similar to the parent system based on unsubstituted quaterthiophene. In contrast, 4ETZ presents an all-anti 查看全文

1604   New optical resonators suitable for low-gain large-aperture laser medium such as chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) New optical resonators suitable for low-gain large-aperture laser medium such as chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) Katsuo Mabuchi    0 The three types of laser resonators are newly proposed for the low gain, large aperture lasers such as COIL. The calculation clearly show the usefulness of these resonators. 查看全文

1605   Investigation of the performance of microelectrodes with micrometer size structural diameters Investigation of the performance of microelectrodes with micrometer size structural diameters Yan Geng, Xiao-Jun Wang, Bin Chen, Hai Xue, Yao-Peng Zhao, Shuittong Lee, Chen-Ho Tung and Li-Zhu Wu    2005 A microelectrode was fabricated by coating a silicon dioxide film on the Pt wire surface. The fabricated electrode was then characterized by scanning electron micrographs, energy spectrum, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. A welldefined sigmoidal response for reduction of potassium ferricyanide showed that the electrode has a high mass transport rate, which is the feature of the microelectrode. The micrometer scale size permits it to be used in viv... 查看全文

1606   Design and measurements of variably nonuniform. acoustic resonators. Design and measurements of variably nonuniform. acoustic resonators. Bruce Denardo;Miguel Bernard    0 The design, construction, and acoustical measurements of resonators with nonuniform. cross‐sectional areas that are easily altered to yield different resonance frequencies are described. These resonators are useful as educational demonstrations of symmetry breaking and of an effect of nonuniformity upon standing waves, and have been previously demonstrated and explained [B. Denardo, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 2935(A) (1994), and B. Denardo and S. Alkov, Am. J. Phys. 62, 315–321 (1994)]. Resonators 查看全文

1607   Validity of assessing people experiencing mental illness who have offended using the Camberwell Assessment of Need–Forensic and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales–Secure Validity of assessing people experiencing mental illness who have offended using the Camberwell Assessment of Need–Forensic and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales–Secure    2012 Evidence-based practices for forensic mental health services have been slow to develop, and there is a lack of measures that assess the mental health and criminogenic needs of people experiencing mental illness who have offended. The present study aimed to investigate the interrelationship between a clinician-rated forensic mental health needs assessment (Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales–Secure (HoNOS-S)), a forensic mental health needs assessment that considers both clinician and pati... 查看全文

1608   Peripheral blood stem cell transplant–related Plasmodium falciparum infection in a patient with sickle cell disease Peripheral blood stem cell transplant–related Plasmodium falciparum infection in a patient with sickle cell disease    2012 BACKGROUND: Although transmission of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection during red blood cell (RBC) transfusion from an infected donor has been well documented, malaria parasites are not known to infect hematopoietic stem cells. We report a case of Pf infection in a patient 11 days after peripheral blood stem cell transplant for sickle cell disease. 查看全文

1609   Spectrophotometric determination of the copper(II) ion by N-8-quinolyl-p-toluenesulfonamide Spectrophotometric determination of the copper(II) ion by N-8-quinolyl-p-toluenesulfonamide Daniel T. Haworth, J. H. Munroe    1969 查看全文

1610   Electron-transfer quenching of the luminescent state of the tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complex in micellar media Electron-transfer quenching of the luminescent state of the tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complex in micellar media Michael A. J. Rodgers, Janet C. Becker    1980 查看全文

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