441   Solid-State 25Mg NMR Study of Inner-Sphere Mg2+ Binding Complexes Solid-State 25Mg NMR Study of Inner-Sphere Mg2+ Binding Complexes Simon Sham and Gang Wu*    1999 查看全文

442   Heat exchanger performance: the use of food colourings for estimation of minimum residence time† Heat exchanger performance: the use of food colourings for estimation of minimum residence time† Panagiota Paraskeva, Dimitrios Kalderis and Evan Diamadopoulos    2007 Most indicator systems used in estimation of residence time are not compatible with food usage The food colours carbon black and copper chlorophyll were found to give satisfactory absorption properties without causing interaction problems when used in milks, cream and ice cream mixes for determination of residence times in a pilot-scale plate heat exchanger. 查看全文

443   Biology of the calcium phosphate integration in human long bones Biology of the calcium phosphate integration in human long bones P. Frayssinet, C. Schwartz, B. Beya;P Lecestre    1999 Calcium phosphate ceramics implanted in bones are integrated following a sequence of biological events which has already been described. We had the opportunity to analyze histologically some HA-ceramic samples that had been implanted in humans for various periods of time.Eight biopsies were obtained from calcium phosphate ceramics implanted in different sites. All the samples were implanted for periods ranging from 4 to 15 months. 查看全文

444   Investigations on the Reaction Pattern of Photosystem II in Leaves from Arabidopsis thaliana Wild Type Plants and Mutants with Genetically Modified Lipid Content† Investigations on the Reaction Pattern of Photosystem II in Leaves from Arabidopsis thaliana Wild Type Plants and Mutants with Genetically Modified Lipid Content† Ronald Steffen,‡ Amélie A. Kelly,§ Joachim Huyer,‖ Peter Dörmann,§ and Gernot Renger*‡    2005 The role of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) for the functional competence of photosystem II (PS II) has been analyzed in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants where the lipid composition was selectively modified by genetic mutations. Measurements with a newly developed laser flash fluorometer and data evaluation within the framework of an extended “3-quencher” model lead to the following results:? (i) the normalized fluorescence transients F(t)/F0 induced by an actinic laser flash in dark adap 查看全文

445   Numerical modeling of heating and melting of microparticles under laser radiation Numerical modeling of heating and melting of microparticles under laser radiation    2011 The processes of heat transfer in microparticles in the gas atmosphere due to kinetics of phase change (melting) under laser radiation have been numerically investigated. The temperature dependence of thermal and optical parameters, irradiative cooling and heat exchange with the gas atmosphere are considered. The dynamics of temperature distribution of particles of different sizes subject to melting has been determined. The dependences of the time of full melting on the properties of particles a... 查看全文

446   Inception and evolution of nitrogen sorption hysteresis loops by thermally-induced nanopore drilling in TiO2 xerogel microspheres: UV photoreduction of methyl orange Inception and evolution of nitrogen sorption hysteresis loops by thermally-induced nanopore drilling in TiO2 xerogel microspheres: UV photoreduction of methyl orange    2009 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) microspheres were prepared via a sol-gel route and the textural properties of these substrates developed through thermal treatment performed between 100 °C and 500 °C which led to the decomposition of organic groups and sintering between microparticles. The annealed TiO2 microglobules enclosed a nanopore network consisting of alternating bulges and throats. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms of the TiO2 xerogels treated at 100 °C and 500 °C possessed very n... 查看全文

447   Thermoresponsive polymeric pumps for the release of drug nanoparticles Thermoresponsive polymeric pumps for the release of drug nanoparticles    2008 Emulsion templating and freeze drying were combined to make organic nanoparticles insitu in the highly interconnected macroporous polymeric scaffolds. This avoids the problem of nanoparticle aggregation. Relatively uniform. nanoparticles with the sizes controlled between 20 - 250 nm are formed. These nanoparticles can be released into an aqueous medium by diffusing out of the porous scaffold or by a temperature-sensitive trigger. In the latter case, thermoresponsive macroporous poly(N-isopropyl ... 查看全文

448   Enhancement of ferromagnetic and dielectric properties in lanthanum doped BiFeO3 by hydrothermal synthesis Enhancement of ferromagnetic and dielectric properties in lanthanum doped BiFeO3 by hydrothermal synthesis    2010 Multiferroic Bi1-xLaxFeO3 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) micro-particles were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal technique. All the samples were phase pure crystallizing in a perovskite structure with a space group of R3c. XRD refinement revealed that the lattice parameters increased along with increase of La content, while the Fe-O octahedra became more distorted. It was found that the morphologies of as-obtained micron-sized particles turned from spheroidal to octahedral according to dif... 查看全文

449   Experimental research on laminar forced convection heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material suspension Experimental research on laminar forced convection heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material suspension    2009 Microencapsulated phase change material suspension (MPCMS) is a novel fluid that the micro-particles of phase change material (PCM) with micron size are suspended in a conventional single-phase fluid. It can be suggested to serve as a dual-functional medium for thermal energy transport and/or storage, and fluidity during phase change. There are many potentially important applications in the fields of heating, air conditioning, solar heat utilization, temperature control for equipments, and heat ... 查看全文

450   171Yb Cross-Polarization Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Organometallic Compounds:  Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Derivatives 171Yb Cross-Polarization Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Organometallic Compounds:  Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Derivatives Julian M. Keates and Gerard A. Lawless*    1997 A series of nine Yb(II) bis(cyclopentadienyl) complexes have been studied by 171Yb CP MAS (cross polarization magic angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy. The optimization of the cross polarization conditions are described. The proton T1ρ values have been determined. The spinning side band manifold for each compound has been analyzed. The derived chemical shift tensor data are discussed with respect to molecular structure elucidation. 查看全文

451   Influence of Pasteurising Intensity on Beer Flavour Stability Influence of Pasteurising Intensity on Beer Flavour Stability S. Houshyar, R. A. Shanks and A. Hodzic    2012 While it is preferred that flavour improves during the beer maturation process, formation of undesirable flavours inevitably occurs during beer storage. Beer ageing problems occur during beer storage and can damage the beer style, especially for lager beer of a more delicate style. In this research, the impact of pasteurising intensity on beer ageing and flavour stability was studied. Through process adjustments, three types of bottled beer were obtained from one fermenter and classified by thei... 查看全文

452   Formation of {Cu6[S2P(OC2H5)2]6} on Cu2S Surfaces from Aqueous Solutions of the KS2P(OC2H5)2 Collector:  Scanning Electron Microscopy and Solid-State 31P Cross-Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning and St Formation of {Cu6[S2P(OC2H5)2]6} on Cu2S Surfaces from Aqueous Solutions of the KS2P(OC2H5)2 Collector:  Scanning Electron Microscopy and Solid-State 31P Cross-Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning and St Daniela Rusanova, Willis Forsling, and Oleg N. Antzutkin*    2005 The interactions of synthetic chalcocite surfaces with diethyldithiophosphate, potassium salt, K[S2P(OC2H5)2], were studied by means of 31P cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To identify the species formed on the Cu2S surfaces, a polycrystalline {CuI6[S2P(OC2H5)2]6} cluster was synthesized and analyzed by SEM, powder X-ray diffraction techniques and solid-state 31P CP/MAS NMR and static 65Cu NMR spectroscopy. 31P chemical shi... 查看全文

453   The evaluation of internal cracking in polyurethane adhesives The evaluation of internal cracking in polyurethane adhesives WARINDA VEJAPHAN, THOMAS C.-Y. HSIEH and STEPHEN S. WILLIAMS    2004 In an evaluation of low modulus polyurethanes as adhesives, systems based on 1, 4 butanediol-extended methylene diisocyanate polymer displayed a tendency to crack during cure. Cracking occurred when these systems were gelled at low temperatures in thin layers where adhesion places constraints on dimensional change. A test technique was developed that evaluates the tendency for polyurethane adhesives to develop internal cracks during cure. The test consists of casting the material between the wal... 查看全文

454   KURT LEWIN—1890–1947† KURT LEWIN—1890–1947† T. Mikkelsen, S. E. Larsen and H. L. Peacute;cseli    2010 查看全文

455   Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel flow: Presence of microparticles in a fluid Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel flow: Presence of microparticles in a fluid    2010 In the present study, a numerical model was developed for laminar flow in a microchannel with a suspension of microsized phase change material (PCM) particles. In the model, the carrier fluid and the particles are simultaneously present, and the mass, momentum, and energy equations are solved for both the fluid and particles. The particles are injected into the fluid at the inlet at a temperature equal to the temperature of the carrier fluid. A constant heat flux is applied at the bottom wall. T... 查看全文

456   Minimization of the surface non-uniformity of a Nd:YVO4 cylindrical bar grown by edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) method, when the pressure in the furnace changes Minimization of the surface non-uniformity of a Nd:YVO4 cylindrical bar grown by edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) method, when the pressure in the furnace changes Liliana Braescu    0 In this paper the dependence of the crystal radius on the pulling rate (v), melt temperature (T0) at the meniscus basis, pressure in the furnace (p) and die radius (r0e) is found. This dependence is used to show in which kind the effect of the variation of one of these parameters can be compensated by varying an other one. Those values of v, T0, p and r0e are determined for which the crystal radius variations due to small uncontrollable variations of v, T0, p around some average values cause min... 查看全文

457   Drying rate and surface optical characteristic of slurry coating Drying rate and surface optical characteristic of slurry coating    2009 A slurry sample was prepared by dispersing spherical micro-particles of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and a coated film sample was prepared by applying the slurry sample on a polyester sheet. The drying rate of the film sample was measured by a modified temperature change method. The effect on the drying rate of micro-particle concentration, defined as micro-particle volume/dried polymer volume, was examined in the range from 0.25 to 1.0, in whi... 查看全文

458   Precipitation kinetics of pigment blue 15:6 sub-micro particles with a supercritical anti-solvent process Precipitation kinetics of pigment blue 15:6 sub-micro particles with a supercritical anti-solvent process    2006 Sub-micrometric particles of pigment blue 15:6 were successfully prepared via a continuous supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide as an anti-solvent. The shape of the pigment's primary particles is rod-like with the minor axis length ranging from 50 to 80 nm and the major axis length from 200 nm to 1.0 μm. As evidenced from Section 2.3, moderate concentrations of pigment solution, moderate pressures, and higher... 查看全文

459   A Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Study of Alkali Metal Ions in Tetraphenylborate Salts, M[BPh4] (M = Na, K, Rb and Cs): What Is the NMR Signature of Cation−π Interactions? A Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Study of Alkali Metal Ions in Tetraphenylborate Salts, M[BPh4] (M = Na, K, Rb and Cs): What Is the NMR Signature of Cation−π Interactions? Gang Wu*† and Victor Terskikh‡    2008 We report a multinuclear solid-state (23Na, 39K, 87Rb, 133Cs) NMR study of tetraphenylborate salts, M[BPh4] (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs). These compounds are isostructural in the solid state with the alkali metal ion surrounded by four phenyl groups resulting in strong cation?π interactions. From analyses of solid-state NMR spectra obtained under stationary and magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions at 11.75 and 21.15 T, we have obtained the quadrupole coupling constants, CQ, and the chemical shift tenso... 查看全文

460   Thermal response of microparticles due to laser pulse heating Thermal response of microparticles due to laser pulse heating    2011 The thermal response predicted by hyperbolic heat conduction model is studied for a microspherical particle exposed to laser pulse heating. Using the obtained analytical solution, the temperature distribution, propagation, and reflection of the temperature wave due to such a heat pulse is investigated for different thermal relaxation times and laser pulse durations. The effect of geometry on the temperature profile is also studied, and the results of the hyperbolic and Fourier model are compared... 查看全文

461   Atmospheric and low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth of vertical quantum wells and quantum well wires on submicron gratings Atmospheric and low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth of vertical quantum wells and quantum well wires on submicron gratings G. Vermeire, I. Moerman, Z. Q. Yu, F. Vermaerke, P. Van Daele;P. Demeester    1994 Nonplanar metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth on submicron gratings has been studied. Growth conditions have been determined to preserve the grating structure and also to enhance the formation of crescent shaped quantum well wire-like GaAs layers. These growth parameters have been used to grow the layer structure of a quantum well wire (QWW) laser, only needing one growth run. Although there is not yet clear evidence for two-dimensional quantum confinement, this tec... 查看全文

462   Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Principles and Techniques Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Principles and Techniques    2002 查看全文

463   A RESEARCH NOTE CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF COLOR MODIFIED PORK RESTRUCTURED CHOPS A RESEARCH NOTE CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF COLOR MODIFIED PORK RESTRUCTURED CHOPS N.G. MARRIOTT, H. WANG, J.R. CLAUS and P.P. GRAHAM    2007 Restructured pork chops were manufactured from the lean tissue of dressed sows that were color modified(CM) with a potassium buffer rinse to attain lighter appearance. This product was compared with counterpart samples that were not color modified(C). Measurements included CIE L*, a*, b* values, visual traits, sensory traits, shear force, pH, and percentage of moisture, fat, protein, protein solubility, and cooking loss. The CM samples were lighter colored (P<0.05), exhibited less (P<0.05)... 查看全文

464   Compatibility between PVC and plasticizer blends and its relation with processing Compatibility between PVC and plasticizer blends and its relation with processing PROFESSOR H. BERRY    2004 The compatibility of suspension PVC with various plasticizer blends was determined by means of calculated compatibility predictors, such as solubility parameters and polarity parameters, as well as actual measurements of compatibility. Then, with a torque rheometer, the temperature at the fusion peak was obtained for various PVC/plasticizer blend compositions. Finally, empirical equations were derived to relate compatibility parameters with the temperature at the fusion peak, predicting the effe... 查看全文

465   Pinning of a nanometric size vortex in superfluid 4He Pinning of a nanometric size vortex in superfluid 4He    2000 The incidental observation of a second, lower critical velocity in the flow of superfluid 4He through a micro-aperture contaminated with micro-particles is interpreted as due to a vortex becoming pinned in the immediate vicinity of the nucleation site for phase-slips. The micro-particles are atomic clusters of solid hydrogen or air of nanometric size, located within nanometres of the nucleation site. The pinned vortex influence is also seen on the scatter of the critical transition which is foun... 查看全文

466   SENSORY AND TEXTURAL EVALUATION OF MAINE WILD BLUEBERRIES FOR THE FRESH PACK MARKET SENSORY AND TEXTURAL EVALUATION OF MAINE WILD BLUEBERRIES FOR THE FRESH PACK MARKET PROFESSOR H. BERRY    2007 Maine wild blueberries were sized according to berry diameter into three size classes; ≤ 8 mm, 9–10 mm and 11–12 mm. A consumer sensory panel was asked to indicate their opinion of flavor, texture and overall attributes using a 9-point hedonic scale. Subsamples of berries were subjected to a compression test using an Instron Materials testing machine, measuring force and deformation to point of rupture of individual blueberries. Berries ≤ 8 mm were significantly lower in sensor... 查看全文

467   As-Fe-Ga (arsenic-iron-gallium) As-Fe-Ga (arsenic-iron-gallium) V. Raghavan    2004 查看全文

468   Development of Maillard Reaction Related Characteristics During Malt Roasting Development of Maillard Reaction Related Characteristics During Malt Roasting PROFESSOR H. BERRY    2012 Roasting trials with a modified coffee roaster revealed that the attained end-temperature is the key parameter for control of non-enzymatic browning during malt production. The development of the main Maillard reaction related malt characteristics (colour, antioxidative activity and flavour) was therefore assessed under mild, intermediate and intensive roasting conditions with end-temperatures of 120, 150 and 180°C, respectively. Since maximal browning occurred between 125 and 160°C, the... 查看全文

469   PH- and temperature-sensitive self-assembly microcapsules/microparticles: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and drug release properties PH- and temperature-sensitive self-assembly microcapsules/microparticles: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and drug release properties    2012 A simple method was developed to prepare the microcapsules and microparticles as drug carriers. The drug-loaded microcapsules and microparticles were prepared by self-assembly of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS) and carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (CMCTS-g-PDEA) in aqueous media under mild conditions. The preparation method did not involve any organic solvent and surfactant, and it could offer good control over the morphology and the size of self-assemblies. Through adjust... 查看全文

470   Responsive particulate dispersions for reversible building and deconstruction of 3D cell environments Responsive particulate dispersions for reversible building and deconstruction of 3D cell environments    2010 In this paper we report a novel thermogelling matrix that can be assembled in the presence of cells, support cell growth, and revert to a free-flowing colloidal suspension in simple and rapid stages. These reversibly gelling suspensions are prepared from a thermoresponsive component, poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate ethyl ether) (polyPEGMA-EE246) together with polycaprolactone microparticles. Aqueous dispersions of these materials are free flowing at temperatures below 20 °C but switch ... 查看全文

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