981   The Role of Serotonin Receptors in Delta-Opioid Immunosuppression The Role of Serotonin Receptors in Delta-Opioid Immunosuppression M. A. Cheido;G. V. Idova    2012 Studies in CBA mice and Wistar rats demonstrated the involvement of serotonin (5-HT) receptors in immunosuppression evoked using the selective δ2 opioid receptor (δ2-OR) agonist DSLET (100 μg/kg). This opioid effect was seen in conditions of selective activation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors with 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg) and in conditions of prior blockade of postsynaptic 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors with WAY-100635 and ketanserin (1 and 3 mg/kg). The qu... 查看全文

982   Multivariate and cladistic analyses of the purple-flowered species ofErysimum (Cruciferae) from the Iberian Peninsula Multivariate and cladistic analyses of the purple-flowered species ofErysimum (Cruciferae) from the Iberian Peninsula Gonzalo Nieto Feliner    1992 A taxonomically difficult purple-flowered group within the genusErysimum, restricted to the Iberian Peninsula, is analyzed by multivariate and cladistic analyses. 51 specimens have been scored for 14 characters. Both principal components and discriminant analyses provide support to the recognition of the five species considered by the author, namelyE. linifolium, E. lagascae, E. baeticum, E. popovii, andE. cazorlense. Cladistic analysis, using 7 characters resulted in a single most parsimonious ... 查看全文

983   Relationships ofLomatium among other genera ofApiaceae Relationships ofLomatium among other genera ofApiaceae A. J. Gilmartin;K. S. Simmons    1987 Lomatium is the largest North American genus ofApiaceae (=Umbelliferae). Relations amongLomatium and other genera have not been well understood. TheApiaceae-Araliaceae lineage and genera of North AmericanApiaceae were analyzed phenetically and cladistically in turn, and seven phenetic alliances of genera are identified. Data on frequencies of character-state combinations were assembled and usingSporne''s notions of maximal and minimal co-variation of states, two character-states were identified ... 查看全文

984   An energy operator approach to joint application of amplitude and frequency-demodulations for bearing fault detection An energy operator approach to joint application of amplitude and frequency-demodulations for bearing fault detection    2010 Bearings are among the most frequently used components. Bearing failure could lead to complete stall of a mechanical system, unpredicted productivity loss for production facilities or catastrophic consequence for mission-critical equipment. As such, bearing fault detection and diagnosis is an imperative part of most of preventive maintenance procedures. This paper presents a parameter independent yet simple to implement fault detection technique. The Teager energy operator is tailored to extract... 查看全文

985   Who Creates Political Business Cycles? (Should Central Banks Be Blamed?) Who Creates Political Business Cycles? (Should Central Banks Be Blamed?) Erik Leertouwer    0 Little attention has been paid in most economic studies on political business cycles to separate the effects of fiscal and monetary policy. We attempt to assess the effect of monetary policy in a panel model for 14 OECD countries. To answer the question of whether central banks actively create political business cycles we focus on the short-term interest rate as a proxy for the use of monetary instruments. Our results indicate that central banks should not be blamed for creating political busine... 查看全文

986   The Value of a Transparent Hood for Biopsy of Minute Lesions of the Esophagus The Value of a Transparent Hood for Biopsy of Minute Lesions of the Esophagus Vinay Chaudhry, T. Umapathi and William J. Ravich    2007 Minute lesions of the esophagus were biopsied using a transparent hood designed by the authors to fit on the tip of a forward viewing endoscope. The quality of the bite biopsies performed using the hood and their accuracy, as well as technical difficulty, were investigated. Minute lesions of less than 5 mm in diameter located at 1, 2 or 3 o'clock were chosen for investigation since these are usually difficult areas from which to obtain a biopsy. Twenty subjects were biopsied using the hood and 2... 查看全文

987   Cladistic analysis of some freshwater araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta) with particular reference toDiatoma andMeridion Cladistic analysis of some freshwater araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta) with particular reference toDiatoma andMeridion David M. Williams    1990 Interrelationships of the ribbed araphid diatoms have been reinvestigated using a cladistic analysis of a revised morphological dataset. The presence of silicified transapical ribs has previously been used to distinguish between different groups and its ability to serve as a distinguishing feature is reevaluated. The importance of valve symmetry, not fully appreciated in a previous paper, is examined. The evolution of heteropolarity, and its importance in taxonomy appear more complex than is imp... 查看全文

988   Heliantheae sensu lato (Asteraceae), clades and classification Heliantheae sensu lato (Asteraceae), clades and classification Per Ola Karis    1993 The interrelationships within theHeliantheae s. lato and the closely relatedEupatorieae are analyzed and discussed. The basis to this discussion is a cladistic analysis of 141 morphological characters (172 apomorphic states) scored for 97 genera. TheHeleniae s. lato, a subgroup of theHeliantheae s. lato, are paraphyletic, and a monophyletic group corresponding largely to theHeliantheae s. str. is recognized. TheEcliptinae sensuRobinson are polyphyletic. TheCoreopsidinae form. an ingroup in theHe... 查看全文

989   Comment on the review by Joshi and Buehring Comment on the review by Joshi and Buehring James F. Holl;;Beatriz G.-T. Pogo    0 查看全文

990   Evolution and phylogeny of cetrarioid lichens Evolution and phylogeny of cetrarioid lichens I. Kärnefelt, J. -E. Mattsson;A. Thell    1992 TheAcharian genusCetraria has not been scrutinised in the same way as the genusParmelia in terms of circumscription of segregate genera. A few generic names have been introduced, but mainly in checklists without any real indication of what these names stand for. After a detailed investigation of characters in the apothecia, conidiomata, anatomical structures, as well as morphology and secondary chemistry, it is clear that several, more or less distinctive, phylogenetic lines exist among taxa whi... 查看全文

991   July 2000WHO IS AFRAID OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY? July 2000WHO IS AFRAID OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY? F. Campos, Jeffrey B. Nugent, Nauro F. Campos, Jeffrey B. Nugent    0 The analysis of the consequences of socio-political instability has been a central theme in recent macroeconomic research, in general, and in the economic growth literature, in particular. There are two different views on the nature of the relationship between political instability and growth. Some authors submit that political instability disrupts productive activities and increases uncertainty. By doing so, it undermines the incentives for the accumulation of physical capital with detrimental 查看全文

992   Restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast and nuclear 45s ribosomal DNA ofAllium sectionsCepa andPhyllodolon (Alliaceae) Restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast and nuclear 45s ribosomal DNA ofAllium sectionsCepa andPhyllodolon (Alliaceae) M. J. Havey    1992 Estimates of the phylogenetic relationships among cultivated and wildAllium species would benefit from identification of molecular characters. Restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the bulb onion (Allium cepa), Japanese bunching onion (A. fistulosum), wildAllium species in sect.Cepa andPhyllodolon, and the outgroupsA. ampeloprasum andA. tuberosum detected 39 polymorphisms.Allium cepa andA. vavilovii were identical for all characters. Cladistic analysis generated three mos... 查看全文

993   Chloroplast DNA diversity in the genusRubus (Rosaceae) revealed by Southern hybridization Chloroplast DNA diversity in the genusRubus (Rosaceae) revealed by Southern hybridization R. Waugh, W. T. G. Ven, M. S. Phillips;W. Powell    1990 The variability in chloroplast DNA type of 20Rubus genotypes was examined by Southern hybridization. DNA extracted from theRubus accessions was digested with two restriction enzymes (EcoRI and EcoRV) and heterologous chloroplast DNA sequences from barley and pea were used as probes to detectRubus chloroplast DNA sequences on Southern blots ofRubus total DNA. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was detected and a total of 92 restriction fragments were generated by the probe/enzyme combinatio... 查看全文

994   Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Mirabilis jalapa and Mirabilis japonica Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Mirabilis jalapa and Mirabilis japonica Guno Sindhu Chakraborthy, Vijay Singh, Lalit Kumar;Rohan Bhadgujar    0 The purpose of the present objective is to elucidate the folklore use of the plant, Mirabilis jalapa and Mirabilis japonica as potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive. This present study is emphasised on the combined effect of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract as anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive. Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves was prepared by repetitive maceration. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using carrageenan induced paw edema models in... 查看全文

995   Integrated design of fault detection and diagnosis modules at different hierarchies of a complex dynamic system Integrated design of fault detection and diagnosis modules at different hierarchies of a complex dynamic system    1999 To solve harmonious management and efficient work of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) modules at different hierarchies of a complex dynamic system, the integrated design method for modules was studied. The concept of FDD process was proposed to describe FDD at different level. The general model for FDD process was built and so most of existing FDD algorithm can be brought easily into it to implement the information exchange among different processes and integrated design. The simulation resul... 查看全文

996   Associations between Potential Bacterial Pathogens in the Nasopharynx of HIV Infected Children Associations between Potential Bacterial Pathogens in the Nasopharynx of HIV Infected Children Sangeeta Das Bhattacharya, Swapan Kumar Niyogi, Subhasish Bhattacharyya, Bikas K. Arya, Nageshwar Ch    0 Objective  To investigate bacterial associations of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and H. influenzae in the nasopharynx of ambulatory children with HIV infection. 查看全文

997   Safety of modified double-stapling end-to-end gastroduodenostomy in distal subtotal gastrectomy† Safety of modified double-stapling end-to-end gastroduodenostomy in distal subtotal gastrectomy† R. Cunliffe Shaw    2007 Double-stapling end-to-end gastroduodenostomy (DS-BI) has several potential advantages over other anastomotic techniques in that it is a simple procedure, with no additional gastrotomy on the remnant stomach, and less tension on the anastomosis site. We evaluated the safety of DS-BI by comparing it with the hand-sewn Billroth II gastrojejunostomy (B-II). 查看全文

998   Biosystematics of two sympatric species ofEucharis (Amaryllidaceae) Biosystematics of two sympatric species ofEucharis (Amaryllidaceae) Alan W. Meerow    1989 Eucharis candida andE. formosa are two often sympatric species of bulbous geophytes restricted to neotropical rain forest understory. The species are most common in eastern Ecuador, and are the only two east Ecuadorean species of the genus found north of the Pastaza valley. Data from phenetic, karyotypic, and preliminary isozyme electrophoretic analyses of both species are represented. The species are distinguishable phenetically and karyologically, but isozyme-based relationships are more compl... 查看全文

999   Inhibition of miRNA-221 Suppresses the Airway Inflammation in Asthma Inhibition of miRNA-221 Suppresses the Airway Inflammation in Asthma Hou-bing Qin, Bing Xu, Juan-juan Mei, Dan Li, Juan-juan Liu, De-yu Zhao;Feng Liu    0 This study investigated the expression of miRNA-221 in asthmatics in order to determine whether miRNA-221 plays a role in the development of asthma. Real-time PCR was used to detect the miRNA-221 in both asthmatic and control subjects. In addition, airway inflammation was evaluated by cell counting and tissue biopsy in the OVA-induced murine asthma model. miRNA-221 was differentially expressed in asthmatics and control subjects, and miRNA-221 blockade resulted in... 查看全文

1000   Evolution, pollination, and systematics of the tribeNeottieae (Orchidaceae) Evolution, pollination, and systematics of the tribeNeottieae (Orchidaceae) Pamela Burns-Balogh, Dariusz L. Szlachetko;Amots Dafni    1987 The various classifications of the orchid tribeNeottieae are reviewed and a new classification is proposed that divides the tribe into three subtribes,Neottiinae, Limodorinae, andCephalantherinae, based primarily on characters of the column (gynostemium). A cladistic analysis illustrates that these three subtribes are more closely related to one another than either is to any other group in subfam.Neottioideae, although there are very few apomorphic characters for the tribe. Pollination biology i... 查看全文

1001   Cancer du Rectum. By Professors André A. Chalier and Henri Mondor. Royal 8vo. Pp. 001, with 105 illustrations. 1924. Paris: Octave Doin. 40 francs Cancer du Rectum. By Professors André A. Chalier and Henri Mondor. Royal 8vo. Pp. 001, with 105 illustrations. 1924. Paris: Octave Doin. 40 francs R. Cunliffe Shaw    2005 查看全文

1002   A cladistic analysis ofDipsacaceae (Dipsacales) A cladistic analysis ofDipsacaceae (Dipsacales) Paolo Caputo;Salvatore Cozzolino    1994 A cladistic study ofDipsacaceae (Asteridae, Dipsacales) was undertaken, based mainly on morphological and palynological characters, obtained by investigations of herbarium material and from the literature. Outgroups includedMorinaceae, Triplostegiaceae, and a subset ofValerianaceae. The consensus tree resulting from three equally parsimonious cladograms shows thatDipsacaceae are divided into two major clades, one withDipsacus andCephalaria, the other including the remaining genera. Within the la... 查看全文

1003   Long-Range Intramolecular S → N Acyl Migration: A Study of the Formation of Native Peptide Analogues via 13-, 15-, and 16-Membered Cyclic Transition States Long-Range Intramolecular S → N Acyl Migration: A Study of the Formation of Native Peptide Analogues via 13-, 15-, and 16-Membered Cyclic Transition States Khanh Ha‡, Mamta Chahar‡, Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu‡#, Ekaterina Todadze‡, Finn K. Hansen‡§, Alexa    2012 The intramolecular long-range S → N acyl migration via 13-, 15-, and 16-membered cyclic transition states to form. native tetra- and pentapeptide analogues was studied on S-acylcysteine peptides containing β- or γ-amino acids. The pH-dependency study of the acyl migration via a 15-membered cyclic transition state indicated that the reaction is favored at a pH range from 7.0 to 7.6. Experimental observations are supported by structural and computational investigations. 查看全文

1004   Profiles of Liquid Drops at the Tips of Cylindrical Fibers Profiles of Liquid Drops at the Tips of Cylindrical Fibers Jinmei Du, Stephen Michielsen, and Hoon Joo Lee*    2010 In 1976, B. J. Carroll derived the equation to show that a symmetric liquid droplet sitting on a thin cylindrical fiber would acquire a bell shape at equilibrium. We have extended his derivation to describe a drop located at the top end of a vertical, cylindrical fiber. By minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the drop at the fiber tip, it was found that the drop consists of two portions, a spherical cap on the fiber tip and a full, symmetrical bell located on the fiber body adjacent to the fiber ... 查看全文

1005   Reduced platelet amyloid precursor protein ratio (APP ratio) predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease Reduced platelet amyloid precursor protein ratio (APP ratio) predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease Isis A. Zainaghi, Leda L. Talib, Breno S. Diniz, Wagner F. Gattaz;Orestes V. Forlenza    0 Studies have shown that platelet APP ratio (representing the percentage of 120–130 kDa to 110 kDa isoforms of the amyloid precursor protein) is reduced in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we sought to determine if baseline APP ratio predicts the conversion from MCI to AD dementia after 4 years of longitudinal assessment. Fifty-five older adults with varying degrees of cogn... 查看全文

1006   The GNOME Census: Who writes GNOME? The GNOME Census: Who writes GNOME? Dave Neary, Vanessa David, Neary Consulting    0 What is GNOME?.............................................................................3 Project governance...........................................................................3 Why survey GNOME?.......................................................................4 查看全文

1007   Morphological phylogenetics of theAsteraceae-Asteroideae, with notes on character evolution Morphological phylogenetics of theAsteraceae-Asteroideae, with notes on character evolution Per Ola Karis    1993 The relationships within theAsteraceae-Asteroideae are scrutinized by means of cladistic analyses of morphological and chemical data. New data are presented, and novel interpretations of features previously used in cladistic analyses are made. Examples are insertion of anther filaments in the corolla, and morphology of disc floret styles, respectively. The results include a polyphyletic or paraphyleticInuleae s. l., and a paraphyleticHeliantheae s.l. in which theEupatorieae constantly form. a su... 查看全文

1008   Phylogeny of theCyclanthaceae Phylogeny of theCyclanthaceae Roger Eriksson    1994 The affinities ofCyclanthaceae are discussed, and it is concluded that the sister-group to this family is most probablyPandanaceae. A hypothesis of generic relationships inCyclanthaceae, based on cladistic methods, is presented. Bootstrap analysis and Bremer support (decay index) have been used to test the strength of individual clades, and the result is compared with previously made phylogenetic analyses. TheSphaeradenia group (Chorigyne, Stelestylis, Sphaeradenia, andLudovia) is supported as m... 查看全文

1009   Repeated allergen exposure reduce early phase airway response and leukotriene release despite upregulation of 5-lipoxygenase pathways Repeated allergen exposure reduce early phase airway response and leukotriene release despite upregulation of 5-lipoxygenase pathways Zhi-Hua Cui, Madeleine Rådinger, Margareta Sjöstr;;Jan Lötvall    2012 Background  Allergen induced early phase airway response and airway plasma exudation are predominantly mediated by inflammatory mast cell mediators including histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether repeated allergen exposure affects early phase airway response to allergen challenge. 查看全文

1010   The ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin-2 does not play a role in inflammatory mouse models of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases The ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin-2 does not play a role in inflammatory mouse models of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases Liz Hardaker, Parmjit Bahra, Benjamin Cochin de Billy, Mark Freeman, Natalia Kupfer, Daniel Wyss;Ale    2012 Background  There is strong evidence that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) is an oxidative stress sensing channel that is expressed in a number of inflammatory cells and therefore it has been suggested that inhibition of TRPM2 could lead to a beneficial effect in COPD patients. In this study, we have investigated t... 查看全文

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